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Rome and Carthage were allies, especially against King Pyrrhis of Epirus' intervention in Italy and Sicily supporting the Greek cities in therein.

Rome had expanded south to the heel of Italy. Carthage had occupied western Sicily.

Some landless Italian mercenaries (Mamertines) seized the city of Messana in northern Sicily. They were attacked by the Greek city of Syracuse. The Mamertines tried to ally themselves with both Carthage and Rome. The resultant manoeuverings set Rome against Carthage and war ensued between these former uneasy allies.
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