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Eisenhower's policy of massive retaliation aimed to deter Soviet aggression by threatening nuclear response to any act of aggression. While it successfully conveyed the U.S. commitment to defending its allies and maintaining a strong deterrent posture, it also escalated tensions during the Cold War and limited U.S. options in conflicts requiring more nuanced responses. Critics argue that the policy could have provoked rather than prevented conflicts, as seen in situations like the Taiwan Strait Crisis. Overall, its effectiveness is debated, as it shaped military strategy but also contributed to a precarious global standoff.

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