What are Signs that represent consonants and vowels?

Answer 1

Many of the symbols are special characters and cannot be reproduced here but ordinary letters like p, b, f, m, k, g are used to represent vowels or consonants.

If you search on Google for phonetic alphabet you will find the full set of symbols

Answer 2

In most alphabets, consonants are represented by letters that typically have harder or more distinct sounds, such as "b," "c," "d," while vowels are represented by letters that typically have softer or more open sounds, such as "a," "e," "i." Consonants are often formed by restricting or blocking airflow, while vowels are produced with an open vocal tract. Additionally, the presence of a written diacritic mark, like an accent or a tilde, may indicate vowel sounds in some languages.