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Clement VII, born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was pope from 1523 to 1534. He was the illegitimate son of Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici, who later became Pope Leo X, and he himself fathered one illegitimate son before taking holy orders. His election as pope was owed in equal measure to deceit and bribery.

To his contemporaries he was seen primarily as a Renaissance prince preoccupied with Italian politics, the patronage and enjoyment of Renaissance culture, and the advancement of his family. It is said that Pope Clement VII was as treacherous and dishonourable in his public conduct as his father.

Politically more astute than his predecessor, Pope Adrian, Clement VII succeeded in drawing together support for the papacy among the more pliant princes of the south of Germany, mitigating the impact of Martin Luther's Reformation.

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11y ago

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