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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Darwin's theories of evolution were misapplied to justify social and political ideologies, most notably in the form of Social Darwinism, which suggested that human societies naturally evolved and that "survival of the fittest" justified Imperialism and economic inequality. This misinterpretation led to eugenics movements, where individuals deemed "unfit" were marginalized or sterilized, claiming to improve the human race. Additionally, Darwin's ideas were often distorted to support racist ideologies, promoting the false notion that certain races were inherently superior to others. These applications diverged significantly from Darwin's original scientific intent, which focused on natural selection and adaptation rather than social policy.

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