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There are 3 main factors:

  1. The poor financial and economic state of the USSR in the 1980s - it simply could no longer afford to maintain the military presence needed to control its European satellite states
  2. Gorbachev's policies of glasnost - "openness" not only within the USSR but the realization that eastern Europe must be allowed to go its own way
  3. Nationalism - perhaps it had more of an effect within the borders of the USSR (the 14 non-Russian republics all declaring independence) but nationalism within eastern Europe was strong as well
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15y ago

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