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If any one battle of the war can be called a "turning point", it would have to be Antietam (or Sharpsburg to the Southern perspective). After initial Union victories and advances in the spring of 1862, the Confederacy had reversed the momentum and successfully invaded Kentucky and Maryland. Robert E. Lee's Army of the Northern Virginia commanded the most media attention as it fought nearest the largest Eastern population centers and national capitals of the adversaries. This Confederate army had stopped McClellan's Peninsula invasion, shattered Pope's army at the Second Battle of Bull Run, and continued across the Potomac River to invade Maryland, a slave state that had some with secessionist sympathies, but had remained in the Union. Lee's army was on a roll, but was checked at Antietam, a one-day battle that remains the single bloodiest day in the history of the United States. While it was a tactical draw, it was a strategic defeat for the Lee and the South as the Confederate army had to retreat into Virginia. The following year Lee had another opportunity to invade the North that culminated in the battle of Gettysburg and another strategic (and tactical) loss. Many consider this to be the turning point in the war, but by this time the Confederacy had lost control of the Mississippi River Valley, and had no answers for the Northern efforts in what was called the "West". Even if Lee had not met with defeat at Gettysburg, it is doubtful that, with President Lincoln's unfailing determination to keep the Union together, that anything he could have done would have reversed the critical effort in the West.

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16y ago

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