black sea
Red Sea
In general, they used trade routes. On land they used camels to carry goods and caravans to actually travel in. When they were near water they used ships.
avoid the overland routes that were controlled by muslim traders
The explorers of his time were seeking a water route to Asia. The land routes were long, dangerous, and expensive so to find a water route meant that the goods from India and China could reach Europe faster and with less expense.
a water trade route from Europe to India by sea.
black sea
black sea
The Mediterranean Sea.
Red Sea
US troops had to cross the Atlantic Ocean in order to reach Europe.
To reach islands in western Europe, such as the British Isles, travelers would typically cross the Atlantic Ocean. Depending on their starting point, they might also traverse other bodies of water like the English Channel or the North Sea. Each of these bodies of water connects the mainland of Europe to various islands in the region.
The Mediterranean Sea borders northern Africa and southern Europe.
They would be in the Atlantic Ocean.
you would have to cross the Atlantic Ocean to get from Europe to Canada
Unless you can walk on water, this trek is not possible. Your trek would take you across water from England to the south, and through Europe to the Bosphorus crossing into Africa. When you reach the tip of South Africa, there is nothing but open ocean to cross before reaching Antarctica.
The attackers from Africa and the Middle East would typically have to cross the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe. This body of water serves as a significant barrier and route for migration and military movements. Additionally, depending on the specific location, they might also encounter the Red Sea or the Arabian Sea when moving within or from regions in the Middle East.
The Atlantic Ocean (shortest distance- east) Going west you'd have to cross the Pacific Ocean and Asia.