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The Soviet Union (Russia) lost far and away, by a very wide margin, many, many more people killed than any other nation. No one will ever be able to give precise figures, but some estimates are that 27 million Soviet soldiers died, compared to 3.75 million German soldiers (and about 400,000 US Military personnel). Additionally uncounted millions of Soviet civilians also were killed, vast numbers of them when the Germans invaded and very frequenly wiped out entire towns. For purposes of "morale" Stalin did not want civilian refugees streaming away from the front. In both Leningrad (now once again St. Petersburg) and Stalingrad (Volgagrad) civilians were forbidden to escape from the incredibly violent and deadly sieges. Any who did were turned around and forced to go back - even small children. Probably more than a million civilians died in these two cities alone. Leningrad was under siege for two and one half years, and starvation killed hundreds of thousands. The bodies were thrown in a ravine, which is level ground today, since it was completely filled with bodies.
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