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This is a question that is answered differently depending on political orientation.

According to the Vietnamese, the first colonizers of Vietnam were the Chinese who attempted to integrate Vietnam into China at several points over the last 2000 years. (Of course, the Chinese argue that Vietnam was a province of China that managed to break away from Chinese control in fits and starts.)

Outside of Vietnam, especially in the West, the colonization of Indochina (which included Vietnam) under the French is considered the first colonization of Vietnam. They disqualify the Chinese invasions either because the Chinese Occupation was distinct from colonization as it would be practiced in the Imperialist Period or because of the Euro-centric idea that only Western countries can colonize.

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10y ago

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