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In a nutshell, as "the poet Chatzigakis expressed it, Greece went for a stroll with Alexander the Great, and from then οn Greece never came back to Greece." http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/1821_problems_of_greek.html (article of Hélène Ahrweiler,(http://erc.europa.eu/get_member/1859)

Alexander, being Greek (http://macedonia-evidence.org/obama-letter.html) did not only liberate Greek cities in Asia Minor from the Persians, did not only founded Greek cities all over his empire but he also spread Hellenism. The Greek language became universal after Alexander. Greek philosophy exploded (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy) and the Ptolemaic dynasty in Alexandria of Egypt, the most famous of the many Alexandrias Alexander founded, built the most famous library of the time and tried to collect all human knowledge (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria). Without Alexander the Greek language and Philosophy would not be as widespread as they became. Alexander did not conquer Italy but the following Roman Empire kept the Greek language and Philosophy alive and Christianity found the tools to expand through out the empire and beyond. As W.R Inge has written "Platonism is part of the vital structure of Christian theology, with which no other philosophy, I venture to say, can work without friction." (http://www.scribd.com/doc/24821976/Inge-W-R-The-Philosophy-of-Plotinus-1917-18) So Alexander gave Greece to the world.

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