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Horace Greeley was the founder of the New York Tribune and edited the newspaper for over thirty years. Greeley took a strong moral tone in his newspaper and campaigned against alcohol and tobacco use, gambling, prostitution and capital punishment. However, his main concern was the abolition of slavery. In 1860, Greeley supported the presidential campaign of Abraham Lincoln, but was unhappy with Lincoln's attitude toward emancipation.

He wrote an open letter to the President on August 19, 1862,complaining about the Union army's unwillingness to free slaves in captured territory. In the letter, Greeley criticized Lincoln for failing to make slavery the dominant issue of the war and compromising moral principles for political motives. Lincoln replied on August 22, 1862 that, "My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all theslaves, I would do it."

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