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Prevailing beliefs varied with time and place. Most people in Europe during most of the Middle Ages were Christian, and their beliefs in the supernatural were Christian beliefs, including a belief in God, the divinity of Jesus, Heaven, Hell, angels, the Devil, and so on.

There were some Jews scattered through much of Europe, and Muslims in Spain and, later, in the Balkans, and their views were similar to those of the Christians, apart from their beliefs in Jesus.

There were witches in the Middle Ages, but people did not pay much attention to them until later. The laws of the Lombards and of Charlemagne made burning a witch a crime unless it could be proven that the witch had killed someone with a curse. Things got tougher for witches in the last hundred years or so of the Middle Ages, and much tougher than than later on. I have no idea what the witches believed, but I do believe there are no written records.

In the early Middle Ages, there were Druids in Gaul and Britain, but the things recorded about them are not what I would call reliable enough to believe a single word. Certain Caesar's descriptions of them were very much in line with his own political ambitions.

The Germanic tribes who remained in Germany and Scandinavia, and the Slavs in Poland and Russia, included a fair number of pagans, and these people had pagan beliefs in gods and afterlife. At least some believed in the Germanic gods, with implications about the departed souls of the worthy inhabiting Valhalla in an afterlife.

Apart from issues of religion, people believed much the same sort of things people believe today. Many people did and do believe in ghosts. Many people did and do believe in Astrology. We can go on, but there is not much new, and there was not much lost.

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15y ago

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