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AnswerWealthy people drank wine, cider, beer, and mead. In the later Middle Ages, they also drank brandy and whiskey. All of these tended to be spiced or seasoned. Contrary to popular myth, they also drank water.

In northern Europe, wealthy people tended to drink wine, which had to be imported, rather than cider, which was a drink for poor people as well. In southern Europe, many poor people drank wine.

Beer was of the type we call ale, and was usually seasoned with a spice or herb mix called gruit. Hops were only used in local beers and were pretty much unknown in most of Europe. Fewer people drank beer in southern Europe than in the North, and it was not the preferred drink for the wealthy anywhere.

Mead was expensive, as it is made of honey. Today, we tend to think of it as being a drink for people of the far North, but it was produced wherever people kept bees, which was probably just about everywhere. There were many different kinds of mead, among which are hydromel, made of honey mixed with water; cyser, made of honey mixed with cider; braggot, of honey mixed with the liquid called wort, which is used to make beer; metheglin, made with medicinal herbs; pyment, honey with Grape Juice; and melomel, which is made from honey and the juice of berries and other fruits.

Whiskey and brandy both appeared in the High Middle Ages, during the 12th century. By the way, the link on the history of distilled beverages, below, gives the etymology of "alcohol" as from an Arab word meaning "finely divided." I have also seen it derived from "al gol," meaning "the demon."

Water was provided from springs, wells, and collected from rain into cisterns. The business of getting and keeping water was well understood, as can easily be demonstrated from the designs and literature about castles, as well as historic references to the springs and wells of such places as London. Well construction was important enough that the artesian well was invented in 1126 AD by Carthusian monks in Artois, France.

There are some links below.

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14y ago

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