What did the Hindu caste system state?

Answer 1

The Caste System was originally brought out for society to work in the vedic period and medieval period. There was originally no concept of higher castes and lower castes but people created it after out of ignorance. Each caste was important for society to run effectively.

The Brahmins were the teachers/gurus, Kshtriyas protected the people and Hinduism, vaishya were the businessmen and the sudra were the builders.

Over time these castes started to mix and create sub castes i.e brahmbhatts. Brahm which stands for kshtriya an bhatt meaning brahmin. The mixing of these castes was permitted but frowned upon by the rishis (saints/holy men).

However later kings (kshtriya) often used to marry their daughters off to these rishis (brahmins by action) in order to serve them. In those times the rishis were given the up most respect.