The people of the battle of the bull run ate hardtack- a hard type of bread and also soups Diets were prett awful by today standards- salt pork, chicoree(like coffee) soda crackers, corn if they were lucky maybe a chicken they could procure
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instead of bread, union soldiers often ate hardtak it is a REALLY hard cracker and it should easily not go out of date for at least 50 years.
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The Union's forces ate horses, dogs, and anything else that they could find, including mice.
During the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863, soldiers on both sides primarily consumed hardtack, salted meats, and beans, as these were common military rations. Fresh fruits and vegetables were scarce, though some troops supplemented their diets with foraged items. Coffee was a staple beverage, while Union soldiers sometimes had access to canned goods. The limited availability of fresh food often led to malnutrition and scurvy among troops.
It wasn't the Confederates who were starving at Chattanooga. It was the besieged Union army, until Grant managed to find a way to get supplies across the Tennessee river. (The Cracker Line, the hungry troops called it.) Later in the war, it was the Confederates who were starving, after Sherman destroyed the rich Georgia farmland.
Hardtack
Sounds like Confederates at the siege of Vicksburg. Could also have been the Army of the Cumberland, besieged at Chattanooga, and living on half-rations.
The starving Confederates allegedely ate the rations that were cooking on the Union fires in the camps they had just captured.
The Union soldiers primarily ate hard tac and fatback.
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They ate rice and salt pork mainly (Source: Civil War Reenactor present at the 150th Anniversary of the Battle of Fort Sumter)
The black Union soldiers of the Civil War ate what everybody else ate, one of the meals were stewed donkey meat.
water and flour roasted over a fire