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The Exodus.

In the Exodus, Moses brought the Israelites out of the Egyptian slavery under the guidance of God, after God brought plagues upon the Egyptians (Exodus ch.1-12).

The Exodus is something for which we Jews remain eternally grateful to God. It is one of the reasons given for our observance of God's commands.1) It was the fulfillment of one of God's promises to Abraham (see Genesis ch.15).

2) It demonstrated God's involvement in this world and in the workings of history.

3) It showed that God's covenant with the Forefathers was still in effect.

4) It was the main preparation for the Giving of the Torah at Sinai several weeks later.

5) It made the Israelites into a distinct nation.


After the Israelites left, Egypt was in turmoil for decades. Though Israel was later harassed (Judges ch.3,6 and 10) by its smaller neighbors (Ammon, Moab, Midian), not a peep was heard from Egypt for four hundred years.

Egypt's turmoil is also borne out by the Ipuwer papyrus ("Pestilence is throughout the land....the river is blood") (Professor John van Seters, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology no. 50). The plagues were also described by ancient historians, including Herodotus and Diodorus. The Exodus is mentioned by Strabo, Berosus, Artapanus, Numenius, Justin, and Tacitus.

See also:

Archaeology and the Hebrew Bible

Jewish history timeline

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