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The Maccabees defeated the Seleucid Empire, a Hellenistic state that emerged after the death of Alexander the great. Their most notable victory came during the Maccabean Revolt (167-160 BCE), which was sparked by the oppressive policies of King Antiochus IV Epiphanes. This rebellion ultimately led to the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the establishment of the Hasmonean dynasty, marking a significant period of Jewish independence.

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