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It began under the Roman Empire. At first, Rome was greatly intolerant of Christian belief, and some Emperors persecuted Christians ruthlessly. The Emperors Caligula and Nero used Christian captives as victims for the gladiatorial arenas, forcing them to fight each other or heavily armed gladiators, or to combat wild beasts. At other times, they were burned alive as human torches, or subjected to mass drownings. To be a Christian during such times was very dangerous- services of worship had to be held in secret, and anti-Christian laws were passed, similar to what happened to Jews in Hitler's Germany. However, as time went on, Christians came to be tolerated, and even respected for their bravery under persecution. Roman soldiers in particular admired the stoicism endured by Christian devotees under persecution, for they were battle-hardened men who recognised true courage when they saw it. Eventually, persecution ceased, the laws were repealed, and Christianity and the old Roman religions co-existed for a long time. Converts were free to change from one religion to another as they pleased, with more and more Romans becoming confirmed as Christian. The first Christian Emperor was Constantine I, who ruled from 306-37 AD; as time went on, and the old Roman Empire mutated into the Byzantine Empire, the vast majority of it's peoples became Christian. The old religions were never abolished or banned- they just faded from being practiced.

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