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Very, very briefly-

The Protestant Reformation was a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Its religious aspects were supplemented by ambitious political rulers who wanted to extend their power and control at the expense of the Church.

The reformation can be said to have taken place in two waves. The first was that of Lutheranism and Zwinglism - major changes in theological thinking occurred. The mass was rejected, the number of sacraments reduced and most importantly Papal authority was rejected.

However it was sparked by Martin Luther and his 95 theses. In 1517 he pinned his 95 theses to the church door at Wittenberg University. The following year he met with Cardinal Cajetan, the Papal Legate in Germany, but nothing was resolved.

By 1520 Martin Luther was condemned in the Papal bull and he reacts by burning the bull and other writings. And in 1521 he was excommunicated with the bull Decet Romanum. Charles V enforces this at the Diet of Worms but Luther is protected by Frederick the Wise.

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