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1. Disease

Millions of Native Americans, including Aztec and Inca, were killed by diseases which they had no immunity to that were advantageously (although unknowingly) spread to them by the Europeans, including Spanish soldiers. These plagues greatly weakened the Aztec, Inca, and all other Native Americans, within a few centuries killing the majority of all Native Americans.

2. Mistreatment of Conquered Peoples and Neighbors

This reason primarily applies to the Aztec, not the Inca, although the latter did not necessarily treat their commoners well.

The Aztec conquered many surrounding nations, and sacrificed their prisoners of war. For these reasons, neighboring tribes hated them. Also, they demanded high tributes from conquered peoples, thus creating resentment even within their own empire.

In fact, if it weren't for the help of the enemies of the Aztec, Cortez and his army would have lost.

3. Better Weapons

Aztec and Inca arrows, slings, clubs, and spears were not a match for the guns, cannons, horses, and armor of the Spanish conquistadors.

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