A:
Most of the Jews despised King Herod the Great, both because he was an Idumean and because he was imposed on Judea by the Romans. Realising that the Jews were his implacable enemies, Herod built a string a forts all around his kingdom, including one at Macherus, which became famous when John the Baptist was executed there in about 35 CE. The forts were not intended to guard against external enemies, but to provide him with places of refuge should the Jews rise up against him.
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The Philistines.
The group that defeated the Syrians was the Maccabees. The defeat took place during the Maccabean revolt between 167 and 160 BCE in Judea.
No specific ethnic group. We are in non violent conflict over some Antarctic land areas.
The Continental Army was the group that the colonies organized to fight against Great Britain.
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