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it is unknown what the exact death toll of the famine is, although it is believed that more people died from disease then from starvation.

in addition, it is widely suggested that fever and famine go hand in hand, explaining how so many people died.

conditions were ideal for spreading Infectious Diseases such as typhus, typhoid and relapsing fever. As to the diarrhoeal diseases, their presence was the result of poor hygiene, bad sanitation and dietary changes. The concluding attack on a population incapacitated by famine was delivered by Asiatic cholera. Cholera had visited Ireland, briefly in the 1830s. But in the following decade it spread uncontrollably across Asia, through Europe, and into Britain and finally reached Ireland in 1849.

The potato remained Ireland's staple crop after the famine; at the end of the 19th century, the Irish per capita consumption of four pounds a day was the highest in the world. Later famines made only minimal effect and are generally forgotten, except by historians. By the 1911 census, the island of Ireland's population had fallen to 4.4 million, about the same as the population in 1800 and 2000 and only a half of its peak population

One of the most obvious effects of the famine was emigration. Although the famine itself caused the population to drop by a further 3 million due to emigration.

About 1 million of these are estimated to have emigrated in the immediate famine period, with the depression that followed continuing the decline until the second half of the 20th century. These migrants largely ended up in North America, with some in Australia and in Britain.

70% went to the USA, 28% to Canada and 2% to Australia, and most people paid their own fares to make the trip.

Although it is estimated that 3% had their fares paid by their Landlords. The cheapest fares were to Canada, around 55 shillings, while a fare to the USA cost between 70 shillings and £5 (100 shillings).

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