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The battle of Actium occurred in 31 BC. The fleet of Octavian and Agrippa defeated the fleet of Mac Antony and Cleopatra. This battle was part of the civil war between Octavian and March Antony, the final civil war of the Roman Republic. Marc Antony and Cleopatra fled to Egypt. They were defeated again and committed suicide. Octavian then became the sole ruler of Rome and her territories and the first Roman emperor. He did away with the Roman Republic and started the 503-year period of absolute rule by emperors. When he became the emperor he was given the title of Augustus. Historians use the name Augustus for the period when he was the emperor.

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