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Charles II was King of England, Scotland and Ireland 1660 - 1685. After the Civil Wars, Execution of Charles I, his father, and the Protectorate of Cromwell, he was restored to the throne by Parliament and general Monck. He married Catharina of Braganza, princess of Portugal in 1662. She brought a dowry of 500,000 ?, Bombay and Tangier. Charles II was always short of the money so he sold Dunkirk to the French for 400,000 ?, and took pay from Louis XIV. England was involved in two wars with Holland ( 1665-1667 and 1672-1674 ) during his reign. Because he din`t had any legitimate heir, Parliament wanted to exclude his brother James, duke of York, a Catholic. It was Exclusion Crisis of 1678. However Charles II outsmarted the Parliament and reign without it 1681-1685. He died 6th Februry 1685 of stroke. He had 14 illegitimate children with a number of mistress.

After his death Parliament acknowledged his brother James as the next king, but his pro-Catholic and pro-French politics led to the Glorious Revolution 1688.

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