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The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 was most influenced by the policies of Mikhail Gorbachev, particularly Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring). These reforms aimed to revitalize the economy and encourage political transparency but inadvertently exposed deep-seated issues within the Soviet system, leading to rising nationalism among the republics. Additionally, the weakening of the Communist Party's control and increasing demands for independence from various ethnic groups accelerated the disintegration. The failed coup in August 1991 further destabilized the central authority, culminating in the formal dissolution of the USSR in December 1991.

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1w ago

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