The Torah and the words of the prophets. These were (and are) the ethical, moral, legal and historical teachings which the Israelites based their judgments upon.
It's not known for certain if there were monotheisms before the Hebrews, but you can certainly say that the Hebrews took the concept of Monolatry and developed it into ethical monotheism.
Only partially true. To explain: Christ Jesus stated that the whole Law given to the ancient Hebrews, could really be summed-up & condensed into just two laws: 1st) You must love Jehovah God with your whole heart, soul, and mind and strength; and 2nd) You must love your neighbor as yourself. Actually it is these 2 laws (not just the 10 commandments) that form the basis for the greatest influence upon True Christians, not just in the Western world; but upon True Christians all around the globe.
Since the Hebrews and non-Hebrews lived side by side in Chaldean Mesopotamia, there may have been some borrowing in language or other minor matters. But in terms of fundamental beliefs, the two are quite different.Judaism, according to tradition, has always been monotheistic. Even at the height of the unfortunate spread of idolatry among the less-loyal Ten Tribes, there were thousands who remained loyal to God (1 Kings 19:18).(See: Judaism and monotheism)The Chaldeans, however, believed in a number of deities, which sometimes led to aberrations in people's behavior (See: Cruelties of the polytheists). This was among the reasons why Abraham the Hebrew founded ethical monotheism.It may be noted that there are certain comparative similarities that can be found among the two ancient populations (Hebrews and Chaldean non-Hebrews). According to tradition, this did not stem from borrowing, but rather from the existence of an even older tradition; the worldwide one stemming from Noah. This is, for example, why (almost all) people over the entire world believed in the existence of the soul, the afterlife, the significance of the number seven, the institution of marriage, the abhorrence of cannibalism, etc.
In ancient Egypt, the beliefs in a pantheon of gods and the concept of Ma'at, which represented truth, balance, and order, heavily influenced moral values. Egyptians believed that living a life aligned with Ma'at would ensure harmony in society and a favorable afterlife. Additionally, the reverence for the afterlife and the judgment of the dead by Osiris encouraged ethical behavior, as individuals sought to be deemed worthy of eternal life. These beliefs fostered a culture that valued justice, honesty, and respect for the divine and community.
1. Established king worship 2. City Planning 3. Ethical Monotheism
Yes.
It's not known for certain if there were monotheisms before the Hebrews, but you can certainly say that the Hebrews took the concept of Monolatry and developed it into ethical monotheism.
The Torah.
Yes, that is what tradition states. "The Lord is One" (Deuteronomy 6:4).
The Hebrews' ethical worldview grew out of the Written and Oral Torah and years of interpretation of those sources.
If everyone has a value system, everyone must have an ethical system upon which to base judgments and choices.
See the attached Related Link.
There are different types of ethical judgments and ethical reasoning's that are based on beliefs/ Egoism, justice, deontology, and relativism are different points of view.
Ethical monotheism was in the tradition of ancient Hebrew religion and is associated with the teachings of prophets like Moses and Elijah. It emphasized the belief in one ethical and moral God who expected righteousness and justice from his followers. This concept had a significant influence on the development of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
No. Everyone has opinions on what behavior and thinking are right and what is wrong, basing these ethical judgments on personal values. We develop our values from religious beliefs, our experience, our cultural background, and our scientific knowledge, Because people have different backgrounds, our judgments as to what is right and wrong vary somewhat.
The ethical concept of ancient Egypt was 'maat'.
both scientific and ethical issues often involve complex judgments