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A mischling was a person of mixed Jewish ancestory who lived in Nazi Germany. Under the Nuremberg laws, a Jew was someone who had three or more Jewish grandparents, or who had two Jewish grandparents and either practiced Judaism or was married to a Jew. Mischlings rose to very prominent positions in Nazi Germany, even the Ideal German Campaign's posterchild was a first degree mischling. There were two degrees of being a Mischlinge. A first degree misclinge had two Jewish grandparents. A second degree Mischlinge had only one Jewish granparent. So the least you need to know is that a mischling was one who was open about their Jewish ancestory (1/2 to 1/4), but was not considered a Jew under the Nuremberg laws. The above answer claims that 'Mischlings rose to very prominent positions in Nazi Germany'. In fact, any 'Mischling' [with two Jewish grandparents] who wanted to stay a decent job in Nazi Germany had to apply for 'Aryanization' and in most cases the relevant certificate had to be signed by Hitler in person and such certificates were very hard to get. For those who didn't have these rare certificates, life in the Third Reich was precarious.
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What does Mischling mean in English?
mongrel
What does the word mischling mean?
Literally, the German word Mischling means crossbreed and is generally used in connection with breeding animals. The Nazis used the term for people who were half or quater Jewish - that is, who had one or two Jewish grandparents.
What were the main effects of the Nuremberg laws passed by Adolf Hitler?
The Nuremberg Laws introduced by the Nazi party in 1935 were designed to define who was considered a Jew, and concurrently deprive Jews of any and all civil rights, including the right to marry in Germany. The term "Mischling" (part-Jewish) was established to determine the ethnic classification of those with mixed heritage.
When was Adolf Hitler born and when was his first act as a dictator?
Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria on April 20, 1889.In order to give Hitler dictatorial powers he had to ensure the passage of two laws. The first was the Reichstag Fire Decree, which was enacted on 27 February, 1933 which (among other things) suspended civil liberties and habeas corpus rights.The second law was the Enabling Act, (Ermächtigungsgesetz) on 23 March, 1933 which gave Hitler and his government the power to enact laws without consulting the Reichstag. The Act effectively reduced the Reichstag to nothing more than a stage for Hitler's speeches and effectively gave him full dictatorial powers (although 2 "minor" obstacles still remained in the form of the Reichsrat (Germany's second chamber) and the President.Joseph Goebbels wrote shortly after the passage of the Enabling Act: "The authority of the Führer has now been wholly established. Votes are no longer taken. The Führer decides. All this is going much faster than we had dared to hope."Hitler's first political act as de facto dictator was to enact a law titled Vorläufiges Gesetz zur Gleichschaltung der Länder mit dem Reich (Provisional Law for Achieving Uniformity Between the States and the Reich) dated 30 March, 1933, which dissolved state parliaments and then reinstated them according to the votes received by parties in the Reich elections held on March 5 1933. As a result the Nazis now had majorities in all State parliaments.he aso made the newburg laws wich are:Section 1Marriages between Jews and citizens (German: Staatsangehörige) of German or kindred blood are forbidden. Marriages concluded in defiance of this law are void, even if, for the purpose of evading this law, they were concluded abroad.Proceedings for annulment may be initiated only by the Public Prosecutor.Section 2Extramarital sexual intercourse between Jews and subjects of the state of Germany or related blood is forbidden. (Supplementary decrees set Nazi definitions of racial Germans, Jews, and half-breeds or Mischlinge --- see the latter entry for details and citations and Mischling Test for how such decrees were applied. Jews could not vote or hold public office under the parallel "citizenship" law.)Section 3Jews will not be permitted to employ female citizens under the age of 45, of German or kindred blood, as domestic workers.Section 4 Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and national flag or the national colours.On the other hand they are permitted to display the Jewish colours. The exercise of this right is protected by the State.Section 5 A person who acts contrary to the prohibition of Section 1 will be punished with hard labour.A person who acts contrary to the prohibition of Section 2 will be punished with imprisonment or with hard labour.A person who acts contrary to the provisions of Sections 3 or 4 will be punished with imprisonment up to a year and with a fine, or with one of these penalties.Section 6The Reich Minister of the Interior in agreement with the Deputy Führer and the Reich Minister of Justice will issue the legal and administrative regulations required for the enforcement and supplementing of this law.Section 7The law will become effective on the day after its promulgation; Section 3, however, not until 1 January 1936.
Why did Adolf Hitler kill the Jews when he was one?
AnswerThere is no evidence that Hitler was in any sense Jewish. The only basis for this legend is a highly suspect supposition about Hitler's father, which even if true still wouldn't have made Hitler a "Jew" by either German or Jewish standards. That removes the underlying premise of the question, but if you're still interested in "why" you can skip the discussion below and go straight to the end.Longer DiscussionAfter the war, Hitler's lawyer Hans Frank claimed to have been told by Hitler that certain people were trying to blackmail him about his "supposed Jewish ancestry." Frank further claimed to have investigated this in an attempt to disprove it, but there were some irregularities in Hitler's ancestry that made this difficult.The key factor has to do with Hitler's father Alois Hitler. Alois was born to an unmarried woman named Maria Schicklgruber (spellings of that last name vary). Maria later married, and Alois was adopted by, Johann Georg Hiedler. When the name change was processed, Alois became Alois Hitler (spelling, especially of names, appears to have been rather ad libitum in 19th century Austria).The question then becomes: who was Alois' father? Johann Georg Hiedler is the most likely candidate. An alternative theory supposes that it may have been Johann Georg's brother Johann Nepomuk Hüttler (see last parenthetical comment about spelling, and don't get me started on "Let's name all our sons Johann!").This theory claims that Hüttler (who was married) had an affair with Maria and then later foisted her off on his brother Hiedler. Proponents cite the fact that some time before Maria's death (when Alois was about 10) Hüttler took Alois in and raised him for several years, and also granted him a substantial inheritance in his will. Against this must be weighed the fact that, if true, it means that Hiedler was willing to marry someone just to cover up his brother's indiscretions, which is perhaps a bit harder to swallow than an uncle simply being kind to his nephew.However, for our purposes it doesn't actually matter much which of the Johanns was Adolf's grandfather, since neither of them were Jewish.The Jewish part comes in due to Frank introducing a third possibility. Frank claimed to have found evidence that Maria worked in the home of a Jewish family in the town of Graz named Frankenburger. He speculated that the 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenburger may have been the person to get Maria pregnant.However, the only basis for this theory is Frank's speculation, which has going against it that the Jews had been expelled from the province in which Graz was located several centuries before this, and were not allowed to return until several decades after Alois' birth. There were also no records of any family named Frankenburger or anything similar living in Graz at the time, and Frank managed to get several other key facts (such as Maria's birthplace) wrong as well.The modern conclusion is that Frank, who remained a fanatical anti-Semite even after renouncing Nazism, was attempting to portray Hitler as a "Jew" (actually, under German law, a "second degree Mischling") and not a pure-blooded "Aryan" so that he could claim "It wasn't a 'real German' (well, Austrian, but still ethnically Germanic) that did all those horrible things, he was actually one of them!"Also, the German laws defining Jews and Mischlings allowed either the Führer or Reichskanzler to exempt any given person from those classifications. Hitler held both of these positions, so in the extremely unlikely event that Frank's supposition was correct, he could have simply declared himself to be a pure-blooded Aryan.In short, the preponderance of the evidence is that Hitler was basically a pure German-Austrian. You must know that in Southern Germany and Austria more than half of the population have brown or black hair (such as Hitler himself). Only in Northern Germany is the portion of blond-haired population more than 70%. So, the fact that Hitler was not blond and blue-eyed does not mean that he was a Jew.WhyHitler basicly targeted the Jews because they were the largest non-German ethnic minority in Central Europe at that time. Hitler wanted a pure Germany without any "parasites".At that time, there were very few Muslims and Africans living in Germany (unlike today). But you can be sure that Hitler would have built exactly the same gas chambers when (instead of Jews) millions of Turks, Arabs, Indians and Africans had lived in Germany at that time. Substantiating evidence is the Nazi treatment of the Roma ("gypsies") and condemnation of "Negermusik" (jazz and swing, and you can probably guess what it literally means).Hitler's basic ideology was not anti-Semitism specifically, but racism in its most radical extent. The millions of Indian and Arab "fans" of Hitler should always be aware that they would also be on Hitler's "bug spray list" if they had lived in Germany in the 1930s and 1940s.Tom Lehrer's song "National Brotherhood Week" contains the lyrics"Oh, the Catholics hate the Protestants,And the Protestants hate the Catholics,And the Hindus hate the Muslims,And everybody hates the Jews."This isn't anti-Semitism on Lehrer's part; as American readers might have suspected from the name, Lehrer was of Jewish heritage himself. It is, however, more or less Truth in Television for most of the world in the period leading up to World War II. Jews were, at best, tolerated in most places in Europe (the word "ghetto" originally comes from the name for the part of Venice where Jews were permitted to live), so Hitler was partially piggybacking on an existing dislike of the Jews, and they provided a convenient scapegoat (ironically, a term with Jewish origins) to blame Germany's problems on.
What does Mischling mean in English?
mongrel
What actors and actresses appeared in Growing Up Mischling - 2009?
The cast of Growing Up Mischling - 2009 includes: Inge Papich as herself
What did the Germans call those who had some Jewish blood but were not classified as Jews?
Mischling
What does the word mischling mean?
Literally, the German word Mischling means crossbreed and is generally used in connection with breeding animals. The Nazis used the term for people who were half or quater Jewish - that is, who had one or two Jewish grandparents.
What are the release dates for Growing Up Mischling - 2009?
Growing Up Mischling - 2009 was released on: USA: 3 April 2009 (Lake Arrowhead Film Festival) USA: 25 April 2010 (Newport Beach International Film Festival)
What does mischlinge mean?
Mischling or mischlinge is a German term that means a person is of mixed heritage. Specifically in the time of the Third Reich, a mischling was a person who had one or two Jewish grandparents even though they themselves did not practice the Jewish religion (or even have Jewish parents). Today, the term mischling is used by Germans to simply mean a person of mixed background, without the negative connotations implied during the Third Reich. It is comparable to the term multiracial in the United States.
What were the main effects of the Nuremberg laws passed by Adolf Hitler?
The Nuremberg Laws introduced by the Nazi party in 1935 were designed to define who was considered a Jew, and concurrently deprive Jews of any and all civil rights, including the right to marry in Germany. The term "Mischling" (part-Jewish) was established to determine the ethnic classification of those with mixed heritage.
Why did Hitler make the Nuremberg Laws in Germany?
The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 were antisemitic laws in Nazi Germany which were introduced at the annual Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg. The laws classified people as German if all four of their grandparents were of "German or kindred blood", while people were classified as Jews if they descended from three or four Jewish grandparents. A person with one or two Jewish grandparents was a Mischling, a crossbreed, of "mixed blood".The Nuremberg Laws deprived Jews of citizenship and prohibited marriage between Jews and other Germans.
What exactly is Hitler's perfect race?
Hitler thought that the Germans should be the dominant people. He wanted a perfect race. To get the perfect race, he didn't want any other blood or genes except those of Germans. Therefore, he didn't want Jewish or any other types of blood to be considered German, like those of the Mischling. Hitler's perfect race was to have all Germans and no Gypsies, Jews, etc. But Hitler thought that people with blue eyes and blonde hair were perfect, and fit the ideals of his master 'Aryan' (perfect) race. Hitler's perfect race was no minority, (e.g. Jewish, Gypsy, ect.) and blond hair, blue eyes.This was described as Aryan or "pure". Hitler himself had dark hair and dark eyes and because of this did not want to father a child of his own as it would obviously not fit into the ideals of the Aryan race. Hitler's ideal 'Germanic type' had fair hair, blue eyes, was slim and tall, didn't smoke, didn't drink much, wasn't a substance abuser - was also chaste and had no trace of any 'unwholesome' sexual desires, such as the homosexuality and sadism for which many of his closest followers were notorious. The ideal Germanic type was, to repeat a joke that circulated in Nazi Germany, 'as slender and healthy as Goering [a notorious, very fat heroine addict], as tall and fit as Himmler, as chaste as Goebbels [adulterer] and as blond as Hitler'.
What rights were taken away from the Jews by the Nazis?
Jews were deprived of the right to life, liberty and property.____Jews could not own pets or bicycles. They also had a strict curfew to obey. Nazi Youth was the only youth organization allowed. Synagogues were destroyed during Kristallnacht and finally many friendships between Jews and non-Jews were torn apart (often from fear of being associated with Jews). Friendships were also destroyed between those Christians who supported and did not support the Nazi regime. Reference the Nuremberg Law's for more restrictions. The Nuremberg laws were passed on September 15, 1935. Nazi Germany instituted a series of laws designed to make freedom increasingly difficult for the Jews and to restrict their freedom. Excerpts follow:'Reich Citizenship Law: A Reich citizen is a subject of the state who is German or related blood, who proves by his conduct that he is willing and fit to serve the German people and Reich. A Reich citizen is the sole bearer of all political rights.'Marriages between Jews and subjects of the state of Germany or related bloods is forbidden. Marriages nevertheless concluded are invalid, even if concluded abroad to circumvent this law'.Extramarital intercourse between Jews and those of Germany or related blood is forbidden.Jews may not employ in their households female subjects of German or related blood who are under 45 years old.Jews are forbidden to fly the Reich or National flag or to display the Reich colors. They are, on the other hand, permitted to display the Jewish colors.1. Regulation for the Elimination of the Jews from the Economic Life of Germany (11-12-38) Jews are forbidden to operate retail stores, mail order houses or sales agencies, or to practice a craft. They cannot offer for sale goods or services, to advertise these or to accept orders at markets, fairs and exhibitions of all sorts.2. Jews are forbidden to ride streetcars, go to the theater, play sports, go to the parks, practice medicine, law, farming, and can only walk on certain streets. Jews must shop only at certain stores during certain hours, and Jewish children can attend Jewish schools only.In addition to the above laws, in 1939, Jews were ordered to turn in their radio sets. They were forbidden to leave their homes except for a few hours each day. Jews were forced to deposit all their money in banks, then forbidden to take their money out. The money was confiscated by the Nazis. Telephones were taken away.A Jew cannot be a Reich citizen. He has no voting rights in political matters. He cannot occupy a public office.A Jew is a person descended from at least three grandparents who are full Jews.A Mischling is considered a Jew if he is descended from two full Jewish grandparents; who was a member of the Jewish Religious Community; who was married to a Jew; who was born from a lineage with a Jew or as the result of extramarital intercourse with a Jew.Virtually all. Including citizenship.
When was Adolf Hitler born and when was his first act as a dictator?
Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria on April 20, 1889.In order to give Hitler dictatorial powers he had to ensure the passage of two laws. The first was the Reichstag Fire Decree, which was enacted on 27 February, 1933 which (among other things) suspended civil liberties and habeas corpus rights.The second law was the Enabling Act, (Ermächtigungsgesetz) on 23 March, 1933 which gave Hitler and his government the power to enact laws without consulting the Reichstag. The Act effectively reduced the Reichstag to nothing more than a stage for Hitler's speeches and effectively gave him full dictatorial powers (although 2 "minor" obstacles still remained in the form of the Reichsrat (Germany's second chamber) and the President.Joseph Goebbels wrote shortly after the passage of the Enabling Act: "The authority of the Führer has now been wholly established. Votes are no longer taken. The Führer decides. All this is going much faster than we had dared to hope."Hitler's first political act as de facto dictator was to enact a law titled Vorläufiges Gesetz zur Gleichschaltung der Länder mit dem Reich (Provisional Law for Achieving Uniformity Between the States and the Reich) dated 30 March, 1933, which dissolved state parliaments and then reinstated them according to the votes received by parties in the Reich elections held on March 5 1933. As a result the Nazis now had majorities in all State parliaments.he aso made the newburg laws wich are:Section 1Marriages between Jews and citizens (German: Staatsangehörige) of German or kindred blood are forbidden. Marriages concluded in defiance of this law are void, even if, for the purpose of evading this law, they were concluded abroad.Proceedings for annulment may be initiated only by the Public Prosecutor.Section 2Extramarital sexual intercourse between Jews and subjects of the state of Germany or related blood is forbidden. (Supplementary decrees set Nazi definitions of racial Germans, Jews, and half-breeds or Mischlinge --- see the latter entry for details and citations and Mischling Test for how such decrees were applied. Jews could not vote or hold public office under the parallel "citizenship" law.)Section 3Jews will not be permitted to employ female citizens under the age of 45, of German or kindred blood, as domestic workers.Section 4 Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and national flag or the national colours.On the other hand they are permitted to display the Jewish colours. The exercise of this right is protected by the State.Section 5 A person who acts contrary to the prohibition of Section 1 will be punished with hard labour.A person who acts contrary to the prohibition of Section 2 will be punished with imprisonment or with hard labour.A person who acts contrary to the provisions of Sections 3 or 4 will be punished with imprisonment up to a year and with a fine, or with one of these penalties.Section 6The Reich Minister of the Interior in agreement with the Deputy Führer and the Reich Minister of Justice will issue the legal and administrative regulations required for the enforcement and supplementing of this law.Section 7The law will become effective on the day after its promulgation; Section 3, however, not until 1 January 1936.
Why did Adolf Hitler kill the Jews when he was one?
AnswerThere is no evidence that Hitler was in any sense Jewish. The only basis for this legend is a highly suspect supposition about Hitler's father, which even if true still wouldn't have made Hitler a "Jew" by either German or Jewish standards. That removes the underlying premise of the question, but if you're still interested in "why" you can skip the discussion below and go straight to the end.Longer DiscussionAfter the war, Hitler's lawyer Hans Frank claimed to have been told by Hitler that certain people were trying to blackmail him about his "supposed Jewish ancestry." Frank further claimed to have investigated this in an attempt to disprove it, but there were some irregularities in Hitler's ancestry that made this difficult.The key factor has to do with Hitler's father Alois Hitler. Alois was born to an unmarried woman named Maria Schicklgruber (spellings of that last name vary). Maria later married, and Alois was adopted by, Johann Georg Hiedler. When the name change was processed, Alois became Alois Hitler (spelling, especially of names, appears to have been rather ad libitum in 19th century Austria).The question then becomes: who was Alois' father? Johann Georg Hiedler is the most likely candidate. An alternative theory supposes that it may have been Johann Georg's brother Johann Nepomuk Hüttler (see last parenthetical comment about spelling, and don't get me started on "Let's name all our sons Johann!").This theory claims that Hüttler (who was married) had an affair with Maria and then later foisted her off on his brother Hiedler. Proponents cite the fact that some time before Maria's death (when Alois was about 10) Hüttler took Alois in and raised him for several years, and also granted him a substantial inheritance in his will. Against this must be weighed the fact that, if true, it means that Hiedler was willing to marry someone just to cover up his brother's indiscretions, which is perhaps a bit harder to swallow than an uncle simply being kind to his nephew.However, for our purposes it doesn't actually matter much which of the Johanns was Adolf's grandfather, since neither of them were Jewish.The Jewish part comes in due to Frank introducing a third possibility. Frank claimed to have found evidence that Maria worked in the home of a Jewish family in the town of Graz named Frankenburger. He speculated that the 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenburger may have been the person to get Maria pregnant.However, the only basis for this theory is Frank's speculation, which has going against it that the Jews had been expelled from the province in which Graz was located several centuries before this, and were not allowed to return until several decades after Alois' birth. There were also no records of any family named Frankenburger or anything similar living in Graz at the time, and Frank managed to get several other key facts (such as Maria's birthplace) wrong as well.The modern conclusion is that Frank, who remained a fanatical anti-Semite even after renouncing Nazism, was attempting to portray Hitler as a "Jew" (actually, under German law, a "second degree Mischling") and not a pure-blooded "Aryan" so that he could claim "It wasn't a 'real German' (well, Austrian, but still ethnically Germanic) that did all those horrible things, he was actually one of them!"Also, the German laws defining Jews and Mischlings allowed either the Führer or Reichskanzler to exempt any given person from those classifications. Hitler held both of these positions, so in the extremely unlikely event that Frank's supposition was correct, he could have simply declared himself to be a pure-blooded Aryan.In short, the preponderance of the evidence is that Hitler was basically a pure German-Austrian. You must know that in Southern Germany and Austria more than half of the population have brown or black hair (such as Hitler himself). Only in Northern Germany is the portion of blond-haired population more than 70%. So, the fact that Hitler was not blond and blue-eyed does not mean that he was a Jew.WhyHitler basicly targeted the Jews because they were the largest non-German ethnic minority in Central Europe at that time. Hitler wanted a pure Germany without any "parasites".At that time, there were very few Muslims and Africans living in Germany (unlike today). But you can be sure that Hitler would have built exactly the same gas chambers when (instead of Jews) millions of Turks, Arabs, Indians and Africans had lived in Germany at that time. Substantiating evidence is the Nazi treatment of the Roma ("gypsies") and condemnation of "Negermusik" (jazz and swing, and you can probably guess what it literally means).Hitler's basic ideology was not anti-Semitism specifically, but racism in its most radical extent. The millions of Indian and Arab "fans" of Hitler should always be aware that they would also be on Hitler's "bug spray list" if they had lived in Germany in the 1930s and 1940s.Tom Lehrer's song "National Brotherhood Week" contains the lyrics"Oh, the Catholics hate the Protestants,And the Protestants hate the Catholics,And the Hindus hate the Muslims,And everybody hates the Jews."This isn't anti-Semitism on Lehrer's part; as American readers might have suspected from the name, Lehrer was of Jewish heritage himself. It is, however, more or less Truth in Television for most of the world in the period leading up to World War II. Jews were, at best, tolerated in most places in Europe (the word "ghetto" originally comes from the name for the part of Venice where Jews were permitted to live), so Hitler was partially piggybacking on an existing dislike of the Jews, and they provided a convenient scapegoat (ironically, a term with Jewish origins) to blame Germany's problems on.
