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Since 1941, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, the forces of the United States went from neutral status to enter the war causing vast quantities of loss in the Pacific to the Japanese using the Marines and vast quantities of loss in Europe using the Army. On July 26, Truman issued the Potsdam Declaration, which called for Japan's unconditional surrender and listed peace terms. When Japan rejected the ultimatum, Truman authorized use of the bomb.

General George C. Marshall was the U.S. Army Chief of Staff during WWII, the highest ranking U.S. Army officer. He had known of the atomic bomb project at least as far back as Oct. 1941, when he was appointed to the small group which would oversee the project, the Top Policy Group. With the invasions of Iwo Jima and Okinawa, considered home islands, and the continued bombings of Japanese cities, the desire to surrender became increasingly pervasive in Japanese leadership. However, if they were to do so, they demanded to do so on their own terms. They believed that if they could hold out longer or even more, lure American forces to invade the home islands in a costly fight, they could negotiate a better settlement. One of the key sticking points was the Empire's ability to retain its power structure, including the position of Emperor.

The surrender of the Empire of Japan on September 2, 1945, brought the hostilities of World War II to a close.

"There is one point that was missed, and that, frankly, we missed in making our plans. That was the effect the bomb would have in so shocking the Japanese that they could surrender without losing face. ...we didn't realize its value to give the Japanese such a shock that they could surrender without complete loss of face." (David E. Lilienthal, The Journals of David E. Lilienthal, Volume Two: The Atomic Energy Years, 1945-1950, pg. 198).

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12y ago

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