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The Western Roman Empire fell to the Goths, Vandals and Huns who poured in from the east over a century - the Roman legions legions simply couldn't match them in numbers and the long frontier which they had to defend. Having allowed the Goths to settle inside the Danube line, hoping to use them to keep out the others, they had the enemy within the gates and by the late 5th Century CE the Western Empire had been taken over.

The Eastern Empire continued on, centred in Constaninople (now istanbul). Over the centures the territory was progressively eroded by intrusions from Asian invaders including the Seljuk Turks, and was even captured by a Crusade more interested in pillage than Christianity. With this weakened state the Ottoman Turks moved in and the territory shrank to just the environs of the capital. Isolated, it was finally beseiged and captured in 1453 CE by the Ottoman Turks under Mehmed II.

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