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The lyrics to the United States national anthem are a truncated version of a poem by Francis Scott Key originally called "The Defense of Fort McHenry", sometimes called "The Siege of Fort McHenry", but most popularly known as "The Star-Spangled Banner", and it is by this last name that the anthem is known. The music for the anthem is taken from "The Anacreontic Song", often mistakenly called "To Anacreon in Heaven" (from the opening line of its lyrics), a British song which celebrated the pleasures of wine, women, and song. Set thus to music, the poem was a popular favorite for many years. In 1916, President Thomas Woodrow Wilson ordered that "The Star-Spangled banner" be played, like a national anthem, by the military and at state functions. In the lates '20s, a movement developed to legislate a national anthem, and on 3 March 1931 President Herbert Clark Hoover signed a measure making "The Start-Spangled Banner" the anthem of the United States by law.

Key's original poem reads thus:

O! say can you see by the dawn's early light

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?

Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,

O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?

And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,

Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.

Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,

Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,

What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,

As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?

Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,

In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:

'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it wave

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

And where is that band who so vauntingly swore

That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion,

A home and a country should leave us no more!

Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution.

No refuge could save the hireling and slave

From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave:

And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

O! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand

Between their loved home and the war's desolation!

Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n rescued land

Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation.

Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,

And this be our motto: 'In God is our trust.'

And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! Note that the anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner" ends just a quarter of the way through the original poem, as it asks "Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave / O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?" One hundred and ninety-four years later, that's a very good question. Certainly there are plenty of flags to be seen waving, but are they over a land of the free and a home of the brave?

(The bit about "the hireling and slave", by the way, is in reference to the foreign mercenaries and conscriptsused by the British.)

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