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The prefecture was neither a political office nor a single office. This was the title of a number of junior administrative or military officials.

The two most important prefects ware the praefectus urbi, or praefectus urbanus, who was in charge of the administration of the city of Rome. There were prefects who acted as junior governor in the Roman provinces (conquered territories). The provinces were usually administered by the legate (legatus). Smaller provinces, instead, were headed by a prefect, who was a lower ranking official. In the case of Judea, a prefect governed on behalf of the governor of Syria as a satellite of Syria. In the large provinces, the perfects were military men who governed sub-units of the province. Egypt was a special status province and was headed by a prefect of the emperor (Praefectus Augustalis).

There were several types of military prefects who were subordinate commanders of: the cavalry (praefectus equitatus and praefectus equitum), a cavalry unit (praefectus alae), a legion (- legionis), acting legionary commander (- legionis agens vice legatus), a cohort (- cohortis), a military camp (- castrorum), a fleet (classis), a sector of sea coast (- orae maritimae), angineers and artisans (- fabrum)

The civil praetors were the commander of the force policemen and firemen (praefectus vigilum), the guardian of the treasury (- aerarii), the head of the military treasury (- aerarii militaris), and the supervisor of the grain supply to the city of Rome (- annonae).

Some modern countries have officials called prefects.

In France the prefects used to be the representatives of the central government and the chief administrators in the departements (counties). Since devolution in the 1980s their role is longer administrative and they have taken on the role of financial oversight of the local authorities and of monitoring their good governance.

In Italy the prefect of the representative of the central government in the provinces who enforces laws when [public safety is threatened and coordinates the work of the police in the province. In Romania he is the representative in the counties who provides a link for the implementation of local level programmes. In Brazil he is the elected head of the executive branch of a town council.

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Related Questions

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