The main legacies of the Romans are religion, the alphabet, language, the calendar, law, architecture and literature.
Christianity developed from a religion among a small group of Jews (who lived in Judea, which was part of the Roman Empire) into a mass religion in the Roman days. It spread around the Roman Empire. It became state religion. Catholic Christianity and Orthodox Christianity developed during the Later Roman Empire. They were originally called Latin or Western Christianity and Greek or Eastern Christianity respectively. The former was the main form of Christianity in the western part of the Roman Empire and the latter was the main form of Christianity in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.
Western European languages have adopted and adapted the Latin alphabet. The only letters in the English language which do not come from the Latin alphabet are J, U and W.
Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian are languages derived from Latin (Romance languages). Many Latin words or words of Latin origin have entered English via two routes. One was that Latin was the language of the church in the Middle Ages. The other was the Norman conquest of England. French became the court language and many French words entered into the English language. These words are usually of Latin origin.
Many international words in medicine, law and theology are Latin.
The calendar we use is the Gregorian calendar. It is named after the minor modifications made by the calendar instituted by Julius Caesar (Julian calendar) by Pope Gregory XII in 1582. Therefore, we basically use the Roman calendar. We also use translations of the Roman names for the months.
Roman law became influential through the Corpus Juris Civilis, a collection of books which reviewed imperial laws going back 400 years (to the time of Hadrian) and was commissioned by the emperor Justinian I. It scrapped obsolete or unnecessary laws, made changes when necessary and clarified obscure passages. Its aim was to put the laws into books (previously they were written on many different scrolls), harmonise conflicting views among jurists which arose from centuries of poorly organised development of Roman law and have a uniform and coherent body of law. It was rediscovered in a library in Pisa in 1070. It became the foundation of the training of the nascent profession of lawyers in Europe in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. It has been used to compile the civil law of many modern nations.
The Romans influenced European architecture, sculpture and painting until the early 20th century. They influenced the art of the Renaissance (14th-15th century) Baroque (17th-18th century) and Neoclassicism (18th-20th century, and is still sometimes used today). Palladian architecture was also based on Roman architecture. It was popular from the 17th century to the 20th century and was often used for public buildings. Latin literature was very influential in European literature until the mid-20th century.
Studying ancient Greek maps can provide insights into their geographical knowledge, trade routes, cultural influences, and political boundaries during that time period.
Some of the cultural characteristics of the ancient civilizations in the Americas include their advanced agricultural practices, complex social and political systems, impressive architectural and engineering achievements, sophisticated art and craftsmanship, religious rituals and beliefs, and the development of writing systems (such as the Mayan hieroglyphs). Additionally, these civilizations had diverse languages, traditions, and cultural expressions, which varied across regions and time periods.
The descendants of ancient Egypt have influenced various aspects of culture, including art, architecture, religion, language, and traditions. These influences can be seen in the use of hieroglyphics, the construction of pyramids, the worship of certain deities, and the preservation of certain customs and practices.
The herb was used in India in cultural and religious ceremonies, and recorded in Sanskrit scriptural texts around 1,400 b.c.
Ancient Egyptian, Hellenistic, and Roman civilizations shared similarities in their art, architecture, and religious practices, often blending influences from one another. For example, Hellenistic and Roman art adopted Egyptian motifs, while the Romans integrated Egyptian deities into their pantheon. Additionally, all three civilizations utilized monumental architecture, such as temples and statues, to convey power and religious significance. This cultural exchange fostered a rich tapestry of shared ideas and aesthetics across these ancient societies.
cultural influences
Studying ancient Greek maps can provide insights into their geographical knowledge, trade routes, cultural influences, and political boundaries during that time period.
Temple of Jupiter
Theocracy
Political: Lord of the two lands. Religious: not the high priest of every temple
In ancient Egypt it was the Pharaoh.
Biblical monarchy played a significant role in shaping the political and religious landscape of ancient civilizations by establishing a centralized authority and promoting the idea of divine right of kings. This system of governance influenced the power dynamics and religious beliefs of societies, leading to the development of strong monarchies and the intertwining of political and religious institutions.
During the reign of ancient Egypt's pharaohs, political and economical activities were under the rule of these dynasty pharaohs. The pharaoh would consult with his priests on religious matters, however, the non royal classes of people in ancient Egypt had no political rights.
The Acropolis, particularly the one in Athens, was the most important city-state due to its role as the religious and cultural center of ancient Greece. It housed significant structures like the Parthenon and the Erechtheion, which symbolized the city's power and artistic achievement. Additionally, Athens was a hub of democracy, philosophy, and the arts, influencing Western civilization profoundly. This combination of religious, political, and cultural significance established the Acropolis as a vital center in the ancient world.
Asian traders introduced various cultural aspects to ancient Filipinos, such as language, religion (like Hinduism and Buddhism), writing systems like Sanskrit, and various artifacts and goods. They also brought new technologies, agricultural practices, and influenced local customs and traditions. Over time, these influences blended with existing Filipino culture to create a unique cultural tapestry in the region.
Some of the cultural characteristics of the ancient civilizations in the Americas include their advanced agricultural practices, complex social and political systems, impressive architectural and engineering achievements, sophisticated art and craftsmanship, religious rituals and beliefs, and the development of writing systems (such as the Mayan hieroglyphs). Additionally, these civilizations had diverse languages, traditions, and cultural expressions, which varied across regions and time periods.
The descendants of ancient Egypt have influenced various aspects of culture, including art, architecture, religion, language, and traditions. These influences can be seen in the use of hieroglyphics, the construction of pyramids, the worship of certain deities, and the preservation of certain customs and practices.