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Justinian I (or the great) main legacies were/are in the fields of religion and law.

Justinian I protected the purity of the official church (the Orthodox Church and persecuted dissident Christian sects and paganism. He secured the rights of the church and the clergy and protected and expanded the monastic orders. He granted the monks the right to inherit property from private individuals and to receive annual gifts for the state and banned the confiscation of monastic property. He gave the canons of the church legal force and issued laws regarding the administration of church property, the elections, rights and obligations of the clergy, the conduct of service and episcopal jurisdiction. Justinian I was one of the most important emperors in the history of the Orthodox Church. He described as a 'nursing father' of the church. He put it on a more solid footing, and redefined its structure.

Justinian I's other main legacy was his commissioning of the Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil law) which was later dubbed the Justinian Code. This was a digest of centuries of Roman civil law, collected them in a single book (previously they had been kept in scrolls) and gave a uniform organisation this law, scrapped obsolete enactments and redefined obscure passages. It also included a collection of essays by famous jurists and a student textbook.

This work is famous for the impact it had in Western Europe when it was rediscovered in a library in Pisa in 1070. It quickly became very popular, was studied in European universities and influenced the development of law in western Europe. The civil law of many modern countries is based on this work.

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