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There is no definitive evidence for the use of longbows anywhere in Europe during the 11th or 12th centuries, although it is quite possible that some bows used in that period would qualify for the name "longbow". The first evidence for medieval longbows appears in the late 13th century and by the 14th they were widely used in England (but not on the Continent of Europe, where crossbows were the main missile weapon).

We know that bows were used by the English, the Normans, the Welsh and the Scots in the 11th and 12th centuries but we have nothing to suggest that any of these were around 6 feet tall (the defining characteristic of a longbow).

A careful study of all the images of archers produced during the 12th century in Anglo-Norman England (including bone gaming counters, stained glass, stone carvings, manuscript illustrations and so on) shows bows that appear to be consistently about 4 1/2 or 5 feet long, or from the top of the archer's head to just below his knee), which would be classed as a short bow in modern terms.

In England, bows were used by nobleman and their retainers for hunting (some noblewomen appear to have also been involved); in warfare it was the main long-range missile weapon, used in large numbers on the battlefield.

For an example the use of archers by a 12th century Anglo-Norman army against the invading Scots, read about the Battle of the Standard that took place just north of Northallerton on 22 August 1138 (see link below).

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13y ago

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