The capital of the Rightly-Guided Caliphate was MEDINAduring the reigns of Abu Bakr, 'Omar, and 'Othman. They used the infrastructure left over from when Muhammad had ruled the Islamic Polity from Medina. However, when 'Ali took power, he felt that he needed to put his capital in the Upper Middle East, so he moved it to KUFA. After 'Ali's death, the Rightly-Guided Caliphate was abolished by the Umayyads.
Abbasid caliphate -- Baghdad Ummayyad Caliphate- Cordoba
Baghdad, Iraq was the capital of the Abbassid Caliphate, which was largest and most powerful Islamic Empire at that time (of the several that existed). Córdoba, Spain was the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate and Fez, Morocco was the capital of the Idrissid Caliphate.
Baghdad (currently is the capital of Iraq)
The English meaning of the Latin phrase 'de facto' is 'in' ['de'] 'fact' ['facto']. So the phrase 'de facto capital of the Caliphate' means the city that in fact serves as the capital city. The English meaning of the Latin phrase 'de jure' is 'in' ['de'] 'law' ['jure']. In this example, the city that the law recognizes as the capital isn't the city that actually fills the role.
He didn't. The capital of the Islamic Empire remained in Medinah until the caliphate of 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib.
Damascus was the capital of the Uymmad Caliphate, the caliphate before the Abbasid one. The first capital of the Abbasid Caliphate was Kufa, then Baghdad, then Samarra, and then Baghdad once more (all four cities located in Iraq).
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Abbasid caliphate -- Baghdad Ummayyad Caliphate- Cordoba
The Abbassids built Baghdad, in modern-day Iraq, as their capital. It remained their capital until Hulegu Khan sacked it and destroyed the Abbassid Caliphate.
Baghdad, Iraq was the capital of the Abbassid Caliphate, which was largest and most powerful Islamic Empire at that time (of the several that existed). Córdoba, Spain was the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate and Fez, Morocco was the capital of the Idrissid Caliphate.
Arabian muslims, Andalusia was the capital of the Islamic Caliphate.
From 623 CE until 656 CE, the capital of the Arab Empire (Mohammed's Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate) was in Medina, Saudi Arabia. In 656 CE, Caliph 'Ali moved it to Kufa, Iraq. The Umayyad Caliphate, which ruled from 661 until 750 shifted the capital to Damascus, Syria. They were overthrown by the Abbasids in 750 when they revolted in the east. The capital was then moved to Baghdad in 762. However, in 750, the Arab Empire broke apart. Córdoba, Spain was the capital of the new Umayyad Caliphate in Spain and Fez, Morocco was the capital of the Idrissid Caliphate.
Umayyad Caliphate's capital city is Damascus.
Baghdad (currently is the capital of Iraq)
There is no such country that exists today. Historically, it could be referring to the Umayyad Caliphate at its largest extent in 750 C.E. The capital of the Umayyad Caliphate was Damascus, Syria.
Mecca (or Makkah) was never a capital of any Islamic caliphate or an Islamic country. Medina (or AlMadinah) was the capital of the Islamic Caliphate until 'Ali shifted it to Kufa, Iraq and his rival Mu'awiya shifted it to Damascus, Syria then the Abbasid shifted it to Baghdad. Today, Mecca is a holy city in Saudi Arabia, but never a national capital.
The English meaning of the Latin phrase 'de facto' is 'in' ['de'] 'fact' ['facto']. So the phrase 'de facto capital of the Caliphate' means the city that in fact serves as the capital city. The English meaning of the Latin phrase 'de jure' is 'in' ['de'] 'law' ['jure']. In this example, the city that the law recognizes as the capital isn't the city that actually fills the role.