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Although Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia lost almost one third of its fighting force to casualties, Lee's retreat back to Virginia allowed him to refurbish the army's losses.
New recruits volunteered in the aftermath of the battle and conscription added to Lee's army's manpower. Although the North had more resources to rebuild the Army of the Potomac, it was Lee's army that proportionately gained more strength. Also, Lee was able to resupply his army and it grew in size to 80,000 troops. His men were judged to be in better physical shape than the Army of the Potomac.
The aftermath increased the odds to three to two in favor of the Union's previously much larger ratio vs the Souths.

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