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It is difficult to answer this questions as the term "powerful" is ambiguous. Furthemore, many eastern civilizations have not been researched well enough and may have been more "powerful" than originally assumed. However, in terms of military power, it is generally accepted that ancient Rome reach a level of military tactics and proweness far greated than anything else at the time. It's military tradition is said to be partly based on Macedonian and Spartan military traditions originating in the Hellenic world. In terms of science, the civilization which has most contributed overall to modern science, engineering and medicine, is Ancient Greece. This should not undermine the amazing advancements of other civilizations such as Ancient China, Egypt, Phoenicians etc.

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