The Berlin Wall
Technically no one. The US wanted to rebuild Germany and make allies's, but the Soviets wanted revenge on Germany. The US was forced to split Germany to still be at peace with Russia. The Soviets were very hash and mean to their part of Germany while the US was rebuilding. The Soviets wanted them to die, food was not let into East Berlin. The US had planes dropping baskets of food, like bombs, for the Soviet - Germans to survive. The Soviets weren't really at war but treated their "citizens" like POW's.
The Soviets won the Battle of Stalingrad. The Soviets won at Stalingrad. It took months and the Soviets probably lost as heavily or even worse than the Germans, but they could better afford the losses. In the end, the Soviets destroyed an entire Army Group at Stalingrad, over 250,000 Germans. More than 100,000 Germans were finally taken prisoner, and of those only about 6,000 ever got back to Germany, and not until the war had been over for ten years and Stalin was dead. This handful was returned in 1955.
The soviets had a non aggression treaty with Germany, they both invaded Poland from their respective sides, then split it up. Hitler then decided to invade Russia, that is when the Soviets started fighting the Germans.
The Soviet Union used the scorched earth policy to deprive the Germans of food and ammunition. The Nazis had a long supply line and with Germany having a battle on both the eastern and western fronts, there was little food to be had. It was easier for the Soviets to pick off the starving Nazi soldiers.
Had the Western Allies (British/US, etc) not reached Berlin in time, the Russians (Soviets) would have taken over all, if not most of Germany. Germans were surrendering in droves to the Western Allies, to avoid being captured by the Soviets (Russians).
Nazi Germany officially surrendered to the Soviets on May 8th, 1945.
The Soviets.
The Germans began a full retreat where again they lost in the Battle of Kursk and then the Soviets pushed west to Berlin
The Germans refused to surrender to the Soviets. The Soviets forced the Germans to surrender.
Technically no one. The US wanted to rebuild Germany and make allies's, but the Soviets wanted revenge on Germany. The US was forced to split Germany to still be at peace with Russia. The Soviets were very hash and mean to their part of Germany while the US was rebuilding. The Soviets wanted them to die, food was not let into East Berlin. The US had planes dropping baskets of food, like bombs, for the Soviet - Germans to survive. The Soviets weren't really at war but treated their "citizens" like POW's.
The Soviet Union
The Soviets won the Battle of Stalingrad. The Soviets won at Stalingrad. It took months and the Soviets probably lost as heavily or even worse than the Germans, but they could better afford the losses. In the end, the Soviets destroyed an entire Army Group at Stalingrad, over 250,000 Germans. More than 100,000 Germans were finally taken prisoner, and of those only about 6,000 ever got back to Germany, and not until the war had been over for ten years and Stalin was dead. This handful was returned in 1955.
Because the Germans invaded them.
2 February 1943
The soviets had a non aggression treaty with Germany, they both invaded Poland from their respective sides, then split it up. Hitler then decided to invade Russia, that is when the Soviets started fighting the Germans.
The Soviet Union used the scorched earth policy to deprive the Germans of food and ammunition. The Nazis had a long supply line and with Germany having a battle on both the eastern and western fronts, there was little food to be had. It was easier for the Soviets to pick off the starving Nazi soldiers.
Perhaps indirectly, in the sense that the existence of Communism caused the existence of anti-Communism. One of the pillars of Nazi ideology was fervent anti-Communism. Hitler made no secret of his anti-communist beliefs, writing of them in is book, "Mein Kampf". The Nazis believed that the Soviets were the real menace to the world, and their whole war was aimed at destroying the Soviets and creating "lebensraum" (living room) for Germans in the east. Many Germans seemed puzzled as to why the US and UK were at war with Germany, thinking they should join forces with the Germans to deal with the Soviets.