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The original purpose of the British colonies in Australia was primarily to serve as a penal settlement. Established in 1788, the first colony at New South Wales was intended to alleviate overcrowding in British prisons by transporting convicts to a remote location. Additionally, the colonies were seen as a way to expand British territorial claims and promote economic interests in the region, including agriculture and resource extraction. Over time, these colonies evolved into thriving settlements that attracted free settlers and immigrants.

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