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Reynolds was the first test of the First Amendment Free Exercise Clause that guarantees the the freedom of religion.

First Amendment

"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances."

On its face, the Constitution appears to forbid the US government from interfering in any aspect of religious practice. In Reynolds, however, the Waite Court held that Congress had no power to exercise control over opinions, but could limit actions that violated community social norms or subverted social order.

This decision created an exception to the First Amendment, demonstrating even constitutionally protected rights are not absolute.

Case Citation:

Reynolds v. United States, 98 US 145 (1878)

For more information, see Related Questions, below.

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