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When the First Fleet arrived in botany Bay on 18 January 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip immediately determined that there was insufficient fresh water, an absence of usable timber, poor quality soil and no safe harbour at Botany Bay. The fleet moved north to Port Jackson, arriving on 26 January 1788.

Governor Phillip was a practical man who originally suggested that convicts with experience in farming, building and crafts be included in the First Fleet, but his proposal was rejected. Because of the short-sightedness of the British politicians and authorities, Phillip faced many obstacles in his attempts to establish the new colony. British farming methods, seeds and implements were unsuitable for use in the different climate and soil, and the colony faced near-starvation in its first two years. Phillip also worked to improve understanding with the local Aborigines. The colony finally succeeded in developing a solid foundation, agriculturally and economically, thanks to the perseverance of Captain Arthur Phillip.

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The First Fleet was sent to New South Wales to bring settlers and convicts.


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The first Governor of New South Wales was Captain Arthur Phillip, who also commanded the First Fleet.


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Who brought the First Fleet of convicts to Australia?

Captain Arthur Phillip was the captain of the First Fleet, and the first Governor of New South Wales.


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New South Wales was colonised with the arrival of the First Fleet from Britain, on 26 January 1788.


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Captain Arthur Phillip was the comnander of the First Fleet and the first Governor of the new colony in New South Wales. His job was to lead the fleet safely to Australia and to establish and manage a colony in New South Wales, with the view to making it self-sufficient.


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England was the only country involved in the First Fleet. The First Fleet refers to the first fleet of eleven ships which arrived in New South Wales in January 1788, carrying convicts, officers, marines and their families. They arrived at Port Jackson, now known as Sydney, New South Wales, to establish a convict colony. Australia was not yet a country.


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Where were the convicts taken on the first fleet?

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