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The first phase saw economic depression, technical invention, discontent and conflict. During the second phase, there was a balance of interests. Industrial employers, landlords, farmers, and skilled workers were better off. Typically Victorian literature such as the works of Charles Dickens, George Eliot, belongs to this phase. The third phase saw the balance tilt as cheap imports of American wheat undermined English agriculture; increasing industrialisation abroad reduced employers' profit margins; the workforce organised and demanded their share and socialism increased in popularity.

Throughout the different phases of the reign the population increased dramatically. There was also a striking increase both in the number of people living in and the number of towns and cities. The contrast between city and countryside. Strangely by the late Victorian years there was some talk of underpopulation.

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14y ago

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