What were the Judenrates?

Answer 1

When Poland was under Nazi occupation the larger ghettos were allowed to have a 'Jewish Council' (Judenrat) which then had to be appointed by the Nazis. The members of these councils soon found themselves in an impossible position. They had to organize the distribution of food, police the ghettos, and later they had to give the Nazis lists of people to be deported to death camps. Jewish councils were also set up in many other countries under Nazi rule. The initial attraction of these councils to Jews was that it was preferable for things like food distribution and policing to be done by fellow Jews than by the SS.

Answer 2

Jewish councils