What were the challenges of Menes they experience?

Answer 1

Throughout ancient history, Egypt has been hotly contested for the richness of the Nile. Bandit incursions from Arabia, nubia and libya were rife during its fledgling years, and its most notable early struggle was with the city-state of thebes. Egypt was almost destroyed then.

Afterwards came Alexander. he marched plainly through Egypt, changing their culture and way of life at the end of a hoplon spear, then marching off to destroy some more Persians, leaving garrisons of his 'Uncivilised' Greeks to integrate into the Egyptian society.

After Alexander's fall, his sharded empire came back into contact with Egypt. The Egyptians had gradually driven out the Greeks, but the desperate Seleucid Empire (a Turkish-Arabian shard of the Greek Empire with a Greek culture among Arabs and Turks), under pressure from pontus, drove south, pillaging Egyptian owned lands such as Jerusalem and petra. This proved a large blow, and set back the egyptians to the point when they could not withstand the roman occupation. Absorbed into the Roman culture, they became servants living in semi-slavery under Rome.

After rome's fall in 376, Egypt regained much of the lands lost to rome and seleucia, and up until the prevalence of Christianity against Islam, they prospered. Crusades devastated Egyptian lands, crushing their mighty culture under the iron European fist and claiming their lands for their greedy barons. Even worse were the infamous mongols, who drove through Hungary, russia, turkey, and North Africa. The little-known timurids soon followed, creating decades of mongol-timurid war and western eastern conflict, with Egypt almost right in the middle of it.

It is only in the modern day that Egypt has not been preyed upon, as the British empire took over Egypt in the 18th century.

Answer 2

Control of a large population of slaves is a challenge, even today.