What were the consequences of justinians wars in ltaly north Africa and Persia?

Answer 1

The war against Persia had begun before the reign of Justinian. In this campaign he lost a battle, won another one and concluded a peace treaty. However, the Persians renewed hostilities eight year later. Because of this Justinian had to divert resources and his commander-in-chief, Belisarius form his war in Italy. Roman towns and territories in the east were sacked and Justinian was forced to pay an annual tribute. After the arrival ob Belisarius the Byzantines were defeated. The plague broke out and there was a stalemate in the war. There was a truce and after that a peace treaty where the Persians agreed to vacate a Roman possession they had occupied in exchange for an annual tribute

After the first Persian war, Justinian ordered the invasion of the Kingdom of the Vandals in northern Tunisia and eastern Algeria. The Byzantines won and restored the area to the empire. Justinian wiped out the Vandals. Most males were sold into slavery and the soldiers took the women. Some Vandals were sent to the east to fight for the imperial army. Some Vandals fled to Algeria, where they were absorbed by the local population. The lands the Vandals had taken were restored to its original owners. The Byzantines faced a rebellion by the Moors in southern Tunisia which took 15 years to pacify. The praetorian prefecture of Africa brought great revenues to the imperial coffers.

The war to retake Italy from the Ostrogoths lasted 19 years. The initial campaign was successful, but disagreements between the Byzantine generals hampered further progress. When the additional commander which had been sent to Italy was recalled, the Byzantines took Ravenna, the capital. However, as mentioned, resources and Belisarius were diverted to the second war with Persia and the war in Italy lingered on. The Ostrogoths retook most of Italy. Rome was taken by the Ostrogoths, retaken by the Byzantines and captured again by the Ostrogoths again. Finally Justinian sent an additional force and the Byzantines took Ravenna. After that they repulsed a large scale invasion by the Franks and had to face several years of resistance by the Ostrogoths. The war left some areas of northern Italy depopulated and the Byzantines exhausted. They were unable to counter an invasion of Italy by the Lombards 14 years after they won their war in Italy. This war cost the empire large sums of money and many lives.

The reconquest of southern Spain from the Visigoths was a short-lived success. The Visigoths retook it 62 years later