What were the jim crow laws apush?

Answer 1

The Jim Crow laws were state and local statutes enacted in the Southern United States from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century, enforcing racial segregation and disenfranchising African Americans. Named after a derogatory minstrel character, these laws institutionalized a system of racial discrimination in public facilities, education, transportation, and voting. They were upheld by the Supreme Court in cases like Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which established the "separate but equal" doctrine. The laws were eventually dismantled during the Civil Rights Movement, culminating in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.