What were the kulkhoz?

Answer 1

Kolkhozes were collective farms established in the Soviet Union during the 1930s as part of the government's push for agricultural collectivization. Farmers were organized into these cooperatives, pooling their land and resources to produce crops and livestock, with the state controlling production and distribution. The system aimed to increase agricultural efficiency and output but often led to significant resistance from peasants and resulted in widespread famine and hardship. Ultimately, kolkhozes became a key component of the Soviet agricultural economy until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.