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In late July of 1864, four Union offensives against Petersburg were failures. The Confederate fortifications were far too strong for the Union to breach. Then General Grant decided to take a chance on an idea proposed by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Pleasants of the 48th Pennsylvania Infantry. The unit was composed of many Pennsylvania coal miners. With there expertise, the regiment dug a 500 foot tunnel underneath the Petersburg fortifications. Four tons of gunpowder were placed at the end of the tunnel which was underneath the Confederate defenders. In the early hours just before sunrise, the the Union's bomb exploded and killed nearly 3 to 400 Confederates. The blast created a huge crater that was 170 feet long, 30 feet deep and 70 feet wide. Troops fromGeneral Burnside's Ninth Corps waited four hours and then charged through the tunnel. There Confederate troops were waiting. As the Federals emerged from the crater, the Rebels inflicted 4,000 casualties and the South lost 1,500. Grant called the incident one of the saddest affairs he had witnessed in the war. The siege against Petersburg was a 9 month ordeal.

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