The earliest Roman expansion was the expansion into central and southern Italy in the 4th century BC. This helped to ease some economic problems, especially the shortage of land for poor peasants. There were sent to colonies (settlements) around Italy where they were given land.
The Second Punic War led to further expansion, but also the the growth of the landless poor. Many peasants lost their lands either because they had to neglected due to prolonged military service or they lived in areas that had been ravaged by Hannibal. The owners of large landed estates took advantage of this to buy their land cheaply. Large scale enslavement also created an abundant slave labour for these land owners to expand their property. Poverty became an explosive political issue.
The depletion of propertied peasants also led to a depletion of army recruits, who were levied among their ranks. As a result, the army was made voluntary and open to poor propetertyless the who joined in their droves for a career, pay and a lump sum or a plot of land on retirement. More colonies were built to settle veterans. However, the career soldiers became separated from civilian life and became loyal to their commanders who could rely on their support to wage civil wars.
The political instability, economic and social problems, and weakening frontiers cause the decline of the Roman Empire.
Government problems
The Roman took economic problems seriously when they faced the serious economic crisis of the third century. However, their understanding of economics was very limited.
As a result of Roman expansion, the Roman Republic experienced significant political, social, and economic changes. The acquisition of new territories led to increased wealth and resources, which intensified class disparities and contributed to the rise of powerful generals who leveraged their military successes for political gain. The influx of slaves from conquered lands disrupted traditional agricultural practices and led to social unrest, while the expansion also prompted the development of new governance structures to manage diverse populations, ultimately setting the stage for the transition from Republic to Empire.
The Romans' drive for expansion and acquisition of new territory was primarily motivated by factors such as economic gain, military strategy, and the desire for political power. However, a lack of interest in cultural exchange is not a reason for their expansion; in fact, Roman conquests often facilitated the spread of Roman culture and integration of diverse peoples. Thus, the idea that they sought new territories without regard for cultural interaction is incorrect.
Expansion and war created problems in maintaining social order.
The political instability, economic and social problems, and weakening frontiers cause the decline of the Roman Empire.
Government problems
The Roman took economic problems seriously when they faced the serious economic crisis of the third century. However, their understanding of economics was very limited.
During Roman expansion 509 BCE to 14 BCE, Romans took land for their citizens, obtaining goods, and economic growth.
As a result of Roman expansion, the Roman Republic experienced significant political, social, and economic changes. The acquisition of new territories led to increased wealth and resources, which intensified class disparities and contributed to the rise of powerful generals who leveraged their military successes for political gain. The influx of slaves from conquered lands disrupted traditional agricultural practices and led to social unrest, while the expansion also prompted the development of new governance structures to manage diverse populations, ultimately setting the stage for the transition from Republic to Empire.
Famine and disease spread throughout the empire
Angela Romano has written: 'Guida elementare all'esegesi delle fonti del diritto romano' 'Guida elementare' -- subject(s): Sources, Roman law 'Matrimonium iustum' -- subject(s): Economic aspects, Economic aspects of Marriage (Roman law), Marriage (Roman law), Social aspects, Social aspects of Marriage (Roman law)
religion: roman catholic social: farming families that go to church political: governer had 3 doters
Economic and social policies of Diocletian and Constantine were suppressive. Their policies were based on were based on the loss of individual freedom and coercion.
Latifundia were large agricultural estates in ancient Rome, typically owned by wealthy individuals or the Roman state. They were worked by slaves or tenant farmers and played a significant role in the Roman economy by producing large quantities of crops like grain, olives, and grapes. The expansion of latifundia contributed to the decline of the Roman small farmer and led to social and economic inequality.
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